01 / DEVICE & FIRMWARE

Industrial Device & Firmware Security Assessment

Physical / embedded product in scope

Security assessment of connected and embedded products, from physical interfaces, hardware security controls and boot chains through firmware, protocols, applications and relevant backend components.

Depending on the product architecture, the assessment combines hardware and firmware analysis with penetration testing of protocols, applications, APIs and connected backend services.

HardwareFirmwareBoot & UpdatesProtocolsBackendCryptography
TARGET / EMBEDDED PRODUCT ASSESSMENT SURFACE
PHYSICAL
TRUSTED EXECUTION
CONNECTED PRODUCT
trust path note attack path: DEBUG → FIRMWARE → PROTOCOL → API → BACKEND
DEBUG / ACCESS
interface JTAG
lock state enabled
lifecycle production
memory access blocked
PRODUCT TRUST BOUNDARIES

One product. Multiple trust boundaries.

A product rarely fails at one isolated layer. Debug access can expose firmware. Firmware can contain credentials. Device identity can affect backend trust. Update logic can undermine an otherwise correct secure-boot chain.

layer selected
Secrets / Identity
Provisioning, stored credentials, key material, device identity and backend trust.
ASSESSMENT SURFACE

What we test

Hardware & physical access

Debug interfaces, maintenance interfaces, storage access, flash extraction, readout protection, lifecycle configuration and hardware-backed controls.

Boot & firmware trust

Boot stages, secure boot, recovery paths, rollback, firmware verification and privileged startup behavior.

Firmware & embedded software

Filesystems, binaries, parsers, services, privileged components, hidden maintenance logic and exposed functionality.

Identity, secrets & cryptography

Device credentials, key material, secure storage, provisioning, signing, device identity and cryptographic trust decisions.

Protocols & interfaces

Proprietary protocols, authentication, state handling, pairing, RF where relevant and protocol reverse engineering.

Applications & backend paths

Management applications, APIs and connected services where they affect the security of the product.

The exact assessment surface follows the product architecture. Not every engagement needs every layer.

CROSS-LAYER ATTACK PATHS

The interesting findings often sit between layers.

01

Debug → Firmware → Backend

A maintenance interface exposes firmware. Extracted credentials allow access to an internal product API. The issue is no longer just “debug access.”

02

Update → Boot → Persistent compromise

The update package is signed, but recovery accepts an older valid image. A rollback path reintroduces a known exploitable state.

03

Device identity → Fleet impact

Credentials intended to identify one device are shared or clonable. A local product weakness becomes a fleet or backend trust problem.

IN THE LAB

What happens to the device while we have it.

Your device is opened, documented and surveyed for its interfaces: debug access such as UART and JTAG, memory buses such as SPI, wireless links such as Bluetooth LE and Thread. What exists, what is open, what does the state reveal about the production build?

We extract the firmware where its protection does not hold, and analyse the boot chain, update path and key storage. On a logic analyzer we trace what the device actually verifies in the first milliseconds after power-on. Connections to backend services are followed down to the protocol level.

Interventions that may damage the device, such as removing a memory chip, happen only with your written approval. Every step is documented. Your hardware stays yours, returned with a final report on its condition.

Tools: logic analyzer · SPI/JTAG programmers · BLE/Thread sniffers · ChipWhisperer for side-channel analysis where agreed. Depending on scope: EM fault injection, high-bandwidth oscilloscopy, near-field EM analysis; decapsulation and X-ray in cooperation with specialised partners.

Scoping

Scope follows the product architecture.

Architecture

Product architecture, hardware platform, boot flow, update path, protocols, applications and connected services.

Attacker assumptions

Physical access, network access, credentials, product samples, firmware images, source code or other agreed starting conditions.

Technical depth

We select the methods needed to answer the actual security question rather than forcing the product into a fixed checklist.

A complete architecture package is not required before the first conversation.

DELIVERABLES

What you get

Reproducible findings

Steps, evidence and affected components sufficient for engineering teams to reproduce the issue.

Technical impact

What the weakness actually enables under the agreed attacker assumptions.

Attack-path context

How findings interact across product layers rather than presenting isolated scanner-style observations.

Remediation & retest

Technical remediation context and verification of fixes against the original attack path where retesting is in scope.

FINDING 04
Recovery path accepts downgraded firmware
ACCESS
physical device
PATH
recovery → signed legacy image → vulnerable service
IMPACT
persistent execution of vulnerable firmware
STATUS
reproducible
Typical triggers

When this assessment fits

New device or embedded platform before release
Major hardware / SoC / firmware architecture change
New OTA or firmware-update mechanism
Customer security-assurance request
CRA / EN 18031 / IEC 62443 technical evidence requirement
Existing product that has never been tested below the application layer
A reported vulnerability whose real product impact is unclear
Need to evaluate secure boot, device identity or key handling in context
PRODUCT SECURITY REQUIREMENTS

Need the assessment to support a regulatory requirement?

Where required, assessment scope and findings can be mapped to relevant technical requirements from the CRA, EN 18031 and IEC 62443.

CRAEN 18031IEC 62443
Technical testing and evidence. Certification is outside the scope.
Dr. Ewan Fleischmann
Technical direction

Dr. Ewan Fleischmann

Founder · Product Security & Cryptography

22+ years IT security · PhD cryptography · OSCP · OSCE · CISSP

Building a product that needs serious security testing?

Tell us what you're building, the current development stage and what you want tested. The scope follows from the product.

NDA first if required.